Thursday, April 4, 2013

second draft annotated bibliography


Kendall O’Neill

Megan Keaton

ENG 112

4 March 2012

Smith, Hendrick. "Schools by School Reform KIPP." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/makingschoolswork/sbs/kipp/>.

Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP) is a system that some charter schools, especially middle schools follow. It has proven to be very efficient for a number of reasons. KIPP exercises longer schools days and longer school years, students and parents must sign a contracts, the ‘Commitment to Excellence’. Students complete about 2 hours of homework a night and are disciplined in class if not on task. KIPP’s school days are from 7:30 AM – 5:00 PM, they attends Saturday classes and everyone must spend 3 ½ weeks in summer school.  KIPP is a rigorous program and because of that both student and parent must sign a ‘Commitment to Excellence’. This simply says that the parent help the student stay on track, check homework, and they must be involved in the school. The student pledges to work hard on their classwork and homework. Each night a student receives approximately 2 hours of homework on top of the 9 ½ hour school day. Parents are expected to oversee that it gets done and teachers must remain accessible by phone until 9 PM in case a student has a question. If a student fails to complete their homework or acts up in class they become ‘on the bench’. Instead of being sent to the principal’s office they are separated from the rest of the class and forced to sit alone. This way the student never misses out on the lesson but doesn’t enjoy being with his classmates.

This program is so beneficial because it pushes the kids to be the best student they can be, it keeps kids off the streets of their low-income neighborhoods, and it tries to instill hard work in them when they are young. KIPP’s premise is that “students are held with high academic standards – no exceptions, no excuses.” With the extended school day, which keeps KIPP students in class 67% longer than regular public school students, the kids have more time for productivity and less time to spend getting into trouble in their neighborhoods. They attend summer school so that the information they have been learning can be reiterated several times and doesn’t become dormant or forgotten. According to a study, KIPP took in 2004, 85% of KIPP alumni who were seniors were accepted into college. KIPP expects a lot from its students and students expect a lot from themselves, their school, teachers and parents to support them to get to college and have the tools to be successful.

I’m going to use this paper to show that while all charter schools may not be successful there are a few programs that truly do work. While this program is rigorous it could be the reform that the school system needs across the board.

·         “With a long school day (7:30 to 5 PM), Saturday classes and three and a half weeks of summer school for everyone, KIPP students spend 67% more time in class that regular public schools”

·         “In 2004, 85% of KIPP alumni who were seniors in high school were accepted in to a university or college”

·         “KIPP’s routine includes motivational and educational chants and sons. You will hear the kids chanting their multiplication tables and singing…”

 

Morris, David. "After 20 Years, Charter Schools Stray From Their Original Mission." After 20 Years, Charter Schools Stray From Their Original Mission. On the Commons Magazine, 7 Aug. 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. <http://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/after-20-years-charter-schools-stray-their-original-mission>.

This article came out only a couple months ago when charter schools celebrated its 20 year anniversary since they first one opened in late 1991. The article compares what charter schools were originally intended to do and what they are like now, 20 years later. The article compares the charter system to the invasive plant kudzu. Kudzu is a Japanese weed that grows extremely quick and steals nutrients from other plants as it grows over them, ultimately smothering the original plant. Originally charter schools were created to use experimental teaching methods, if they proved to be effective they were to give the methods to the existing public schools to mimic. However that is far from what has happened. Charters are now seen as a competitor that could replace public education instead of a way of improvement. Charter school numbers continue to grow while public schools begin to close due to lack of funding. “And this cycle feeds on itself. More charters mean less money for public schools; the more public education deteriorates, the greater the popularity and number of charter schools.” The article continues by talking about Finland’s educational system saying how it was one of the worst and it managed to turn itself around by doing one simple thing. It made the process of become a teacher more difficult than become a doctor or a lawyer. With the introduction to some of the best teachers students began to excel and climb up the ranking to become one of the top education systems.

            This article shows us that charter schools started as a way to help the public school education but are now hurting it. It focuses on how charter schools have become corrupt rather than the reform the public education needed when charters were first proposed. Charters are run by organizations that are profiting from these schools. Charters are created for experimental learning and even though they are preforming worse than local public schools they aren’t being closed down because of the money investors continue to bring in.

            I’m going to use this article to show how charters schools are exhausting the public education system and if they continue to grow they will deplete the resources the neighborhood public schools need to stay open. 

           As the cycle feeds on itself. More charters mean less money for public schools; the more public education deteriorates, the greater the popularity and number of charter schools.

           “Groups of teachers and administrators who wanted to innovate and try new things would band together and little laboratories of education would emerge… the idea was simple: anything valuable culled from these experiments would be copied by the district…”

           “ And so the kudzu like growth of charters and vouchers continues, stealing essential nutrients from a dying public health education system

 

Clark, Charles S. "Charter Schools Will They Imporove or Hurt Public Education." CQ Research. CQ Press, 20 Dec. 2002. Web. 23 Mar. 2013. <http://library.cqpress.com.ezproxy.cpcc.edu/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2002122000&type=hitlist&num=0>.

This is compiled stack of research that talks about all aspects of charter schools. It touches briefly on all accounts like is it going to hurt the public education, the innovators with the original idea, is it just a passing fad? Piece by piece it takes it breaks it down and remains objective. One section that was focused on was ‘Do charter schools foster innovation and achievement?’ It touches on teachers having the ability to incorporate art and music into teaching math and science, the fact that public schools have to step it up to compete with charter schools and the testing comparison between the two. Since charter schools don’t have to follow any specific guidelines they are free to teach as they see best fit. When the ability to incorporate art and music into core subjects, it becomes more interesting and relatable to students. When this ability to teach how teachers feel best fit, students leave the traditional public schools to attend charter school. When students leave their neighborhood school, the funding goes with them. One superintendent lost only 1.3% of his student population but lost 1 million dollars in funding because of it. He was interviewed and said that his students left but he was going to fight for their return. There is lots of controversy about the testing results between charter and neighborhood schools. While some statistics say that charters aren’t testing worse, others say they are way behind those in the same district. Testing levels in comparison of the two vary from state to state.

            This article touches on a wide variety of topics surrounding the concerns and benefits of charter school. It offers unbiased material and different opinions from both sides of the argument. While it doesn’t delve too deep in any one passage for extended time, it gives every issue some light.

            I am going to use this article to help me form more opinions on these matters while I continue to research. I think this is going to be one of my most helpful sources once I have gone completely through it. It offers me statistics, maps, graphs, and quotes from those directly involved in either the government, school boards or works in a charter school

           “We’re better because of charters. I hate to say it, but we’re more aware of the importance to what parents say and have become more customer-service oriented… The charter schools stole our students; we will steal them back.”

           A map showing the amount of charters in every state

           Snip bits of CREDO (the Center of Research on Education Outcomes) which did a huge study across the U.S comparing charter schools and the local public schools in testing scores.

 

Raymond, Margaret, Dr. Multiple Choice: Charter School Performance in 16 States Executive Summary. Rep. N.p.: CREDO.stanford.edu, 2009. CREDO.stanford.edu. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. <http://credo.stanford.edu/reports/MULTIPLE_CHOICE_EXECUTIVE%20SUMMARY.pdf>.

Center for Research on Education Outcomes or CREDO did a study in 2009 comparing charters schools to traditional public schools in fifteen states and the District of Columbia. CREDO was able to use 70% of charter school students in their analysis on the performance difference between charter and traditional public school (TPS). “The study examined the differences three ways: a pooled nationwide analysis of charter school impacts, a state-by-state analysis of charter school results, and an examination of the performance of charter schools against their local alternatives.” They did this by creating a ‘virtual twin’ meaning they found someone in a charter school and found someone with the same demographics in a TPS and compared their standardized test scores. The finding CREDO produced show that only 17% of charter school students nationwide showed superior testing results compared to their TPS. About half have the same results as their TPS and 37% tested significantly worse. There are several factors that cause results like these like state to state laws, how new the charter is, and the type of student that attends these school. Charters from state to state can have ‘caps’ meaning that there is a limit to the amount of charter schools in that specific state. CREDO found that states that do have caps performed worse than those who did not have caps. Charter schools in the first year have a decline in proficiency and after two or three years begin to have an increase in testing scores. Once CREDO finished this analysis they discovered that schools catering to students in poverty and students learning English as a second language performed significantly better than those of TPS.

            This study that CREDO produced is very important because it is the first of its kind. It has given the argument of charter schools being proficient or not, data to use. This document shows that most of our charter schools are no better than existing public schools but there is a sub group that is flourishing. This document shows that there are different factors across the country that can cause a charter to succeed or fail; those that fail should be closed and those that succeed need to share their research and success.

            I am going to use this document to show how the majority of our charter schools are failing. In my final paper I want to use this is my argument to give evidence that while all charter schools may not be efficient and helpful in their communities some of them are working and some of them are truly helping guide students. I also want to use this document to show the magnitude of even 5 years ago the amount of students wanting to attend charter schools.

           “As of 2009, more than 4,700 charter schools enrolled 1.4 million children in 40 states and the District of Columbia. The ranks of charters grow by hundreds each year. Even so, more than 365,000 names linger on charter school wait lists after more than fifteen years, there is no doubt that both supply and demand in the charter sector are strong.”

           “In our nationally pooled sample, two subgroups fare better in charters than in the traditional system: students in poverty and ELL student. This is no small feat.”

           “Despite promising results in a number of states and within certain subgroups, the overall findings of this report indicate a disturbing – and far-reaching – subset of poorly performing charter schools.”

           “The replication of successful school models is one important element of this effort. Onthe other side of the equation, however, authorizers must be willing and able to fulfill their end of the original charter school bargain: accountability in exchange for flexibility. When schools consistently fail, they should be closed.”

No comments:

Post a Comment